Stage 1: Create the Quick-Pickled Jewels. In a small jar, combine the thinly sliced shallot, white wine vinegar, and water. Seal and shake vigorously. Set aside on the counter to quick-pickle while you prepare the other components.
Stage 2: Prepare the Roasting Foundation. Preheat your oven to 400°F (205°C) and line a large baking sheet with parchment paper. In a large mixing bowl, combine the cauliflower florets and the thoroughly dried chickpeas.
Stage 3: Season and Infuse. Drizzle the 2 tablespoons of olive oil over the cauliflower and chickpeas. Sprinkle with the smoked paprika, cumin, ¼ tsp salt, and pepper. Toss thoroughly until everything is evenly coated in a thin layer of oil and spices.
Stage 4: High-Heat Caramelization. Spread the seasoned mixture in a single, even layer on the prepared baking sheet. Roast for 25-30 minutes, tossing halfway through, until the cauliflower is tender and deeply browned at the edges and the chickpeas are slightly crisped.
Stage 5: Whip the Tahini Emulsion. While the vegetables roast, prepare the drizzle. In a small bowl, whisk together the tahini, lemon juice, grated garlic, and ¼ tsp salt. The mixture will seize and thicken. Add the ice water one tablespoon at a time, whisking continuously, until you achieve a smooth, pourable, creamy consistency.
Stage 6: Toast the Garnish. During the last 5 minutes of roasting, spread the chopped pistachios on a small, separate baking tray and place them in the oven to toast lightly until fragrant. Watch carefully to prevent burning.
Stage 7: Build the Salad Base. In the now-empty large mixing bowl, place the arugula. Drizzle with 1 tablespoon of olive oil and a squeeze of fresh lemon juice. Toss gently to coat the leaves. Spread the dressed arugula onto a large serving platter.
Stage 8: Assemble the Mosaic. Scatter the warm roasted cauliflower and chickpeas over the bed of arugula. Artfully distribute the cooked lentils, diced apricots, and sun-dried tomatoes. Drain the quick-pickled shallots and sprinkle them over the top. Drizzle generously with about two-thirds of the tahini emulsion. Finish with a flourish of toasted pistachios, fresh mint, and parsley. Serve immediately with the remaining tahini drizzle and extra lemon wedges on the side.